{"id":1046,"date":"2014-06-27T17:54:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-27T17:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onnik-krikorian.com\/new_site\/?page_id=1046"},"modified":"2022-02-01T23:43:46","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T23:43:46","slug":"children-of-the-south-caucasus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/onnik-krikorian.com\/new_site\/children-of-the-south-caucasus\/","title":{"rendered":"Children of the South Caucasus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” next_background_color=”#f8f8f8″ admin_label=”Header Section” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”#000000″ custom_padding=”|||” bottom_divider_style=”slant2″ bottom_divider_height=”50px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”CHILDREN OF THE South Caucasus” text_orientation=”center” background_overlay_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.4)” content_max_width_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Contents” _builder_version=”4.14.7″ title_font=”Oswald|||on|||||” title_text_align=”left” title_font_size=”45px” title_letter_spacing=”0.05em” title_line_height=”1.5em” content_font=”Merriweather||||||||” content_font_size=”19px” subhead_font=”Oswald||||||||” subhead_text_align=”left” subhead_font_size=”20px” subhead_line_height=”1.9em” background_color=”rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)” background_image=”https:\/\/onnik-krikorian.com\/new_site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/14LBm5woH_OExnU3kpbMQYg.jpeg” parallax=”on” parallax_method=”on” custom_button_one=”on” button_one_text_size=”15px” button_one_bg_color=”#dca57d” button_one_border_width=”10px” button_one_border_color=”#dca57d” button_one_border_radius=”0px” button_one_letter_spacing=”3px” button_one_font=”Oswald|||on|” button_one_use_icon=”off” max_height=”500px” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”10%||5%||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ title_font_size_tablet=”60px” title_font_size_phone=”40px” title_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_css_title=”padding-top:10%” button_one_border_color_hover=”#c99872″ button_one_border_radius_hover=”0px” button_one_letter_spacing_hover=”3px” button_one_bg_color_hover=”#c99872″ global_colors_info=”{}” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_one_border_color__hover=”#c99872″ button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”on” button_one_border_radius__hover=”0px” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”on” button_one_letter_spacing__hover=”3px” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on” button_one_bg_color__hover=”#c99872″ button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Blog Section” _builder_version=”4.9.4″ background_color=”#f8f8f8″ custom_padding=”100px|0px|100px|0px|true|” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Merriweather||||||||” header_font=”Oswald||||||||” header_font_size=”26px” header_line_height=”2em” custom_margin=”-85px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Text and photographs by Onnik James Krikorian<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

At just eight months of age, Tiesa and her two sisters were abandoned by a roadside. They survived by eating roadkill \u2014 frogs, in fact \u2014 and drinking water from puddles before being discovered. The children, two of them with learning disabilities, were placed in Tbilisi\u2019s Infant House, an orphanage by any other name.<\/p>\n

According to EveryChild, a British child<\/span>ren\u2019s charity with a country office in Georgia, very little was known about them. \u201cWhen they were found, the girls didn\u2019t know their full names or even how old they were,\u201d wrote EveryChild Fundraising Director John Bines in a 2012 Christmas appeal.<\/p>\n

But even though the young girls were given refuge in an institution, their situation highlighted another problem. Children deprived of parental care, and especially those from socially vulnerable families or with disabilities, were not being properly accommodated or supported by the State.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe need more emergency foster carers and long-term foster carers with specialist training,\u201d Bines quoted the institution\u2019s Director as saying. \u201cThere should be no places like this, no institutions. It\u2019s better to abolish the institutions and develop services for infants and babies.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Fortunately for Tiesa and her siblings that is now almost the situation today following a policy of deinstitutionalisation in Georgia introduced in 2006. \u201cThe lack of individual care and attention hinders child development,\u201d a 2011 EveryChild report on children in residential care worldwide read.<\/p>\n

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Institution (since closed), Etsery, Georgia. Photo \u00a9 Onnik James Krikorian<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]

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Soviet-era Orphanages<\/strong><\/h1>\n

An earlier report by the World Bank on neighbouring Armenia was also critical. \u201cWith the declining level of services in residential institutions, the current trend is creating an underclass of children marked by poverty, stigmatisation and a lack of proper care and education who are likely to lack opportunity as adults,\u201d Aleksandra Posarac and Jjalte Sederlof wrote in June 2002.<\/p>\n

Yet, while well down from the 12,000 enrolled at the time of the World Bank report, there still remain 4,900 children in Soviet-era boarding schools in Armenia and, according to UNICEF, around 10,000 children in institutions in Georgia\u2019s other South Caucasus neighbour, Azerbaijan, in 2010.<\/p>\n

But thanks to the policy of introducing and supporting alternative forms of care for children deprived of parental care, only around 120 children officially remain in institutions in Georgia. Before the process of reform started, there were over 5,000. The number of institutions has also been reduced from 49 to just 3.<\/p>\n

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One of Tiesa\u2019s sisters, for example, was placed in emergency foster care after it transpired that she was not developing at the Infant House. Her progress was so rapid with her foster mother that her stay was extended. \u201cBut because she is registered as disabled, no one wants to adopt her locally,\u201d Everychild\u2019s Meg Jackson told Osservatorio. \u201cShe has now been put up for adoption internationally.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Inclusive Education and Rehabilitation Centre, Kutaisi, Georgia. Photo \u00a9 Onnik James Krikorian<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Children with disabilities<\/h1>\n

There are other problems too. According to UNICEF, there were approximately 1,500 children living or working on the streets of Georgia in 2008. A two-year \u20ac850,000 project launched by UNICEF and World Vision in February 2013 to address their situation has so far failed to result in any visible change.<\/p>\n

The closed nature of church-operated institutions is another concern and one that was raised recently in a BBC report on the disabled. \u201cMost children with disabilities are not being moved from institutions to foster care, Eric Matthews, a Disability Rights International (DRI) researcher was quoted as saying. \u201cSome children with disabilities have died, some have moved to adult facilities. Others have been moved to Church-run facilities with no government oversight.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe government\u2019s lack of information concerning the number or location of children in church-run institutions creates a danger that children could be abused or trafficked without the government\u2019s knowledge,\u201d Left Behind, the DRI report published at the end of last year, warned.<\/p>\n

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While others such as EveryChild Georgia Director Andro Dadiani say that disabled children have not been moved to those institutions, they do admit there is a problem. \u201cThere have been cases when the children reintegrated with biological parents have ended up in the church institutions or begging in the streets,\u201d he told Osservatorio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Vocational Training Centre for Children from Institutions, Kutaisi, Georgia. Photo \u00a9 Onnik James Krikorian<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Group homes<\/h1>\n

\u201cDeinstitutionalisation is definitely a great success, not only in the former Soviet Union, but also in terms of Eastern Europe,\u201d he continues. \u201cThe Czech Republic, Romania, and Poland are still running large scale institutions for children. Georgia is definitely a champion in that regard.\u201d<\/p>\n

Working with World Vision and others, for example, EveryChild helped establish 15 group homes, each able to accommodate up to eight children each. These are intended to cater for those children unable to be reintegrated in their biological families or placed in foster care. They represent another \u201cfamily-like\u201d option for alternative care.<\/p>\n

The organisation has also worked with other local NGOs to provide support for children, and especially those with disabilities. First Step Georgia is one example. \u201cWe\u2019re long time partners,\u201d says Dadiani. \u201cWe started foster care for the disabled and also trained their social workers.\u201d<\/p>\n

As testimony to the relative success of deinstitutionalisation, Dadiani says that EveryChild Georgia will cease its operations in March.<\/p>\n

\u201cIts successor, Partnership 4 Children (P4C), plans to primarily work with the church on both deinstitutionalisation and the development of new services,\u201d he explains. \u201cAnother challenge is the limited number and variety of services and means to support families.\u201d<\/p>\n

While recognising the progress registered in Georgia, ChildPact \u2014 a regional coalition working on child and youth welfare \u2014 also reiterated such needs in a January 2014 press release. \u201c[The] lack of family support services as a means to prevent further institutionalization and the presence of street children remain a key concern.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014
First published in Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso, 2014<\/em><\/p>\n

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