Armenia Heads Toward 2026 Elections Amid Deepening Church–State Division
Catholicos Karekin II, Easter Service, Etchmiadzin, Armenia © Onnik James Krikorian 2016
Armenians pride themselves on adopting Christianity as their national religion as early as 301 AD. It has become an almost unassailable feature of their identity as a people despite a history stretching back much further. It has been religion that stands as a unifying factor for many. Few therefore expected that over 1,700 years later it would usher in such a period of domestic instability and division. Since the rise of Nikol Pashinyan, the current prime minister, in 2018, that is precisely what has happened as the country prepares for a possible Armenia-Azerbaijan peace and crucial parliamentary elections next year.
In short, Armenia is posed to enter 2026 with an escalating conflict between church and state at the center of an unpredictable political crisis before the first regular, as opposed to extraordinary, elections to be held since 2017. As part this dispute are many controversial issues that include Armenia’s relations with Russia, its diaspora lobbying groups, and efforts to normalize relations with Ankara and Baku. What began as a clash of personalities has now become an almost existential battle between a government hoping to relegate the recent past to history and those opponents eager to perpetuate it instead.
The outcome will determine the future of the country and the very nature of Armenian identity. Following its defeat by Azerbaijan in the 2020 44-day-war, can the country pursue a new more positive path for the future or will it be pulled back into a well-documented turbulent past?
The full analysis for AIR Center in PDF format is available here.


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